1. Hormonal Imbalances
One of the primary causes of heavy menstrual bleeding is hormonal imbalances. The menstrual cycle is regulated by a delicate balance of hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone. When this balance is disrupted, it can lead to excessive lining buildup in the uterus, resulting in heavy bleeding during periods.- Oestrogen dominance - An excess of oestrogen relative to progesterone can lead to thicker uterine lining and heavier bleeding.
- Luteal phase defects - Inadequate progesterone secreted after ovulation can prevent the proper shedding of the uterine lining.
Hormonal imbalances can stem from various factors, including stress, obesity, or conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
2. Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that can develop in or on the uterus. These fibroids can become quite large, often leading to heavier periods and increased cramping.- Intramural fibroids - Located within the uterine wall, these can distort the uterine cavity and cause heavy bleeding.
- Submucosal fibroids - These grow into the uterine cavity, significantly impacting menstrual flow.
Many women may not be aware that they have fibroids, as symptoms can vary widely. Regular check-ups can help detect and manage these growths before they lead to heavy bleeding.
3. Endometriosis
Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside it, often on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the tissue lining the pelvic cavity. This condition can lead to severe pain and heavy menstrual bleeding.- Inflammation - The presence of endometrial-like tissue causes inflammation, leading to painful periods and heavier flows.
- Lesions and adhesions - Endometrial tissue can form adhesions, which may cause further complications and contribute to abnormal bleeding.
Recognising symptoms such as chronic pelvic pain can help prompt earlier diagnosis and treatment options for endometriosis.
4. Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis is a condition where the tissue that normally lines the uterus begins to grow into the muscular wall of the uterus. This can lead to an enlarged uterus and heavy bleeding.- Uterine enlargement - The presence of this tissue can cause the uterus to thicken, resulting in heavier periods and increased pain.
- Symptoms - Women may also experience bloating and severe cramping during their menstrual cycle.
Adenomyosis often presents similarly to endometriosis, yet it typically occurs within the uterus itself. Understanding these nuances will enable better treatment strategies.
5. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
PID is an infection of the female reproductive organs which can result from sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia and gonorrhoea. This condition can cause inflammation in the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, leading to irregular and heavy bleeding.- Inflammation - The infection can lead to scarring and changes in the menstrual cycle, often resulting in heavier bleeding.
- Chronic complications - PID can lead to infertility and other long-term health issues if left untreated.
Understanding the signs and seeking timely treatment for PID can help prevent complications associated with this condition.
6. IUDs and Other Contraceptives
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) can sometimes cause heavy bleeding, particularly in the first few months after insertion. Hormonal IUDs generally make periods lighter over time, but some women might experience the opposite effect.- Non-hormonal IUDs - These may lead to heavier periods and more cramping during menstruation.
- Adjustment period - The body may take time to adjust, resulting in increased bleeding temporarily.
If heavy bleeding occurs, it’s important to discuss alternative contraceptive methods with a healthcare provider.
7. Certain Medical Conditions
Numerous underlying medical conditions can cause heavy bleeding during menstruation. Some noteworthy conditions include:- Thyroid disorders - Conditions such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism can disrupt hormonal balance.
- Blood clotting disorders - Conditions like von Willebrand’s disease and others can lead to excessive bleeding.
- Cancers - Uterine or cervical cancer can also manifest as abnormal bleeding.
Being aware of your family history and symptoms can prompt earlier diagnosis and more effective management of these conditions.
Recognising the causes of heavy bleeding during your period is the first step in addressing the issue effectively. If you are experiencing heavy bleeding, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional who can provide guidance tailored to your specific circumstances. Embracing an informed approach can significantly improve your menstrual health and overall quality of life.
